In Dryopteris,the opening mechanism of the sp | vedclass

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(C) In $Dryopteris$,the sporangium consists of a stalk and a capsule. The capsule wall is composed of a single layer of cells. The $Annulus$ is a spec

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Annulus

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(C) In $Dryopteris$,the sporangium consists of a stalk and a capsule. The capsule wall is composed of a single layer of cells. The $Annulus$ is a specialized row of cells with thickened radial and inner walls that extends around the capsule. As the sporangium dries,the water in the $Annulus$ cells evaporates,causing the cells to shrink and pull the capsule open,leading to spore dispersal. Therefore,the $Annulus$ is the structure responsible for the opening mechanism.

In $Dryopteris$,the opening mechanism of the sporangium is effectively operated by:

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