In gymnosperms,pollination is exclusively by

Which is present in the vascular bundles of gymnosperms?

Give scientific reasons: Cone-bearing plants possess pointed,thick-cuticled leaves.

$A$: Microspores and megaspores are produced in the same lax in gymnosperms.
$R$: Lax represents a compact strobilus which bears microsporophyll and megasporophyll.

Coralloid roots help $Cycas$ in:

The main pathway of water transportation in gymnosperms is: