In $Nepenthes$,the pitcher is a modification of which part of the leaf?

Presence of sheathing leaf base and ligule are characteristic of

$A$ long, thin, flexible $petiole$ allows leaf blades to flutter in wind, thereby cooling the leaf and bringing fresh air to leaf surfaces.

The growth of the leaf lamina is $.........$.

When the incision in a leaf is more than halfway towards the midrib,it is called:

$A$ dicotyledonous plant showing parallel venation is