In this figure,an ideal liquid flows through a tube of uniform cross-section. The liquid has velocities $v_A$ and $v_B$,and pressures $P_A$ and $P_B$ at points $A$ and $B$ respectively.

Determine the pressure difference in a tube of non-uniform cross-sectional area as shown in the figure. $\Delta P = ?$ (in $Pa$)
$d_{1} = 5 \, cm, V_{1} = 4 \, m/s, d_{2} = 2 \, cm, V_{2} = ?$
Assume the fluid is water with density $\rho = 1000 \, kg/m^{3}$.

Why does an airplane run a certain length on the runway first before taking off?

$A$ train with cross-sectional area $S_t$ is moving with speed $v_t$ inside a long tunnel of cross-sectional area $S_0$ $(S_0 = 4S_t)$. Assume that almost all the air (density $\rho$) in front of the train flows back between its sides and the walls of the tunnel. Also,the air flow with respect to the train is steady and laminar. Take the ambient pressure and that inside the train to be $p_0$. If the pressure in the region between the sides of the train and the tunnel walls is $p$,then $p_0 - p = \frac{7}{2N} \rho v_t^2$. The value of $N$ is. . . . .

Consider a completely full cylindrical water tank of height $1.6 \ m$ and cross-sectional area $0.5 \ m^2$. It has a small hole in its side at a height $90 \ cm$ from the bottom. Assume the cross-sectional area of the hole to be negligibly small as compared to that of the water tank. If a load of $50 \ kg$ is applied at the top surface of the water in the tank,then the velocity of the water coming out at the instant when the hole is opened is ......... $m/s$ $(g=10 \ m/s^2)$.

The reading of a pressure meter attached to a closed pipe is $4.5 \times 10^4 \ N/m^2$. On opening the valve,water starts flowing and the reading of the pressure meter falls to $2.0 \times 10^4 \ N/m^2$. The velocity of water is found to be $\sqrt{V} \ m/s$. The value of $V$ is . . . . . .