The increasing order of the equilibrium const | vedclass

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Question

(A) The formation of a hydrate involves the nucleophilic attack of water on the carbonyl carbon. The equilibrium constant for this reaction increases

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$i < ii < iii < iv$

Vedclass · Answer

(A) The formation of a hydrate involves the nucleophilic attack of water on the carbonyl carbon. The equilibrium constant for this reaction increases as the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon increases.Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ decrease the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon by donating electron density,thus decreasing the equilibrium constant.Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ increase the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon by withdrawing electron density,thus increasing the equilibrium constant.Comparing the substituents:$(i)$ $-OCH_3$ at the para position is a strong $EDG$ via resonance.(ii) $-OCH_3$ at the meta position is an $EDG$ via induction but less effective than at the para position.(iii) No substituent (reference).(iv) $-NO_2$ is a strong $EWG$.The order of electrophilicity is: $(i) Therefore,the increasing order of the equilibrium constant is: $i < ii < iii < iv$.

The increasing order of the equilibrium constant for the formation of a hydrate from the following compounds is:

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