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(D) Mitochondria generate the majority of biological energy through the oxidation of $TCA$ (tricarboxylic acid) cycle substrates. In the $TCA$ cycle,s

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Oxidising $TCA$ (tricarboxylic acid) substrate

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(D) Mitochondria generate the majority of biological energy through the oxidation of $TCA$ (tricarboxylic acid) cycle substrates. In the $TCA$ cycle,substrates are oxidized,releasing $NADH + H^{+}$,which subsequently enters the electron transport chain to produce $ATP$ molecules. Specifically,for one glucose molecule,the $TCA$ cycle produces $6$ $NADH + H^{+}$,which yields $18$ $ATP$ via the electron transport chain,and $2$ $FADH_{2}$,which yields $4$ $ATP$. Thus,the oxidation of $TCA$ substrates is the primary mechanism for energy production in mitochondria.

Column $I$	Column $II$
$i.$ Isocitrate dehydrogenase	$a.$ Citrate $\rightarrow$ Cis-aconitate
$ii.$ Fumarase	$b.$ Succinate $\rightarrow$ Fumarate
$iii.$ Aconitase	$c.$ Fumarate $\rightarrow$ Malate
$iv.$ Succinate dehydrogenase	$d.$ Isocitrate $\rightarrow$ Oxalosuccinic acid

Most of the biological energy is supplied by mitochondria through

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