On which principle does an optical fiber work?

Light travels from an optically denser medium $A$ into the optically rarer medium $B$ with speeds $1.8 \times 10^{8} \ m/s$ and $2.7 \times 10^{8} \ m/s$ respectively. The critical angle between them is ($\mu_{A}$ and $\mu_{B}$ are the refractive indices of media $A$ and $B$ respectively).

What should be the maximum acceptance angle at the air-core interface of an optical fibre if $n_1$ and $n_2$ are the refractive indices of the core and the cladding,respectively?

The relation between the critical angles of water and glass is:

$A$ small bulb is placed at the bottom of a tank containing water to a depth of $\sqrt{7} \; m$. The refractive index of water is $\frac{4}{3}$. The area of the surface of water through which light from the bulb can emerge out is $x \,\pi \; m^{2}$. The value of $x$ is ...............

$A$ glass prism of refractive index $1.5$ is immersed in water (refractive index $4/3$). $A$ light beam incident normally on the face $AB$ is totally reflected to reach the face $BC$ if