Which of the following factors does not lead to soil formation in nature?

With the help of a labelled diagram,show the carbon cycle in nature. Describe the two ways in which carbon dioxide is fixed in the environment.

The major source of minerals in the soil is:

Soil formation is influenced by both abiotic and biotic factors. List these factors by classifying them into abiotic and biotic categories.

$(a)$ In what ways does the water cycle help marine organisms?
$(b)$ 'The biosphere is a dynamic but stable system'. Justify this statement.

Which of the following processes is not a step involved in the water cycle operating in nature?