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(A) The catalytic activity of many enzymes is dependent on the presence of certain non-protein constituents called cofactors. Cofactors are of three t

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Prosthetic group

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(A) The catalytic activity of many enzymes is dependent on the presence of certain non-protein constituents called cofactors. Cofactors are of three types: $1$. Prosthetic groups: These are organic compounds that are tightly bound to the apoenzyme (the protein portion of the enzyme). For example,heme is a prosthetic group in peroxidase and catalase. $2$. Co-enzymes: These are organic compounds that are loosely bound to the apoenzyme. Their association with the apoenzyme is usually transient,occurring during the course of catalysis. $3$. Metal ions: These are inorganic cofactors that form coordination bonds with side chains at the active site and at the same time form one or more coordination bonds with the substrate,e.g.,$Zn^{2+}$ in carboxypeptidase. Therefore,organic compounds that are tightly bound to the apoenzyme are called prosthetic groups.

Organic compounds that are tightly bound to apoenzyme are known as:

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