Out of the following,which law obeys the law of conservation of energy?

$A$ copper rod is moved in a magnetic field. The charge developed across its ends will be proportional to

The magnitude of flux linked with a coil varies with time as $\phi = 3t^2 + 4t + 7$. The magnitude of the induced e.m.f. at $t = 2 \ s$ is: (in $V$)

$A$ highly conducting ring of radius $R$ is perpendicular to and concentric with the axis of a long solenoid as shown in the figure. The ring has a narrow gap of width $d$ in its circumference. The solenoid has a cross-sectional area $A$ and a uniform internal magnetic field of magnitude $B_0$. Starting at $t = 0$,the solenoid current is steadily increased such that the field magnitude at any time $t$ is given by $B(t) = B_0 + \alpha t$,where $\alpha > 0$. Assuming that no charge can flow across the gap,the end of the ring which has an excess of positive charge and the magnitude of the induced e.m.f. in the ring are respectively:

Two different loops are concentric and lie in the same plane. The current in the outer loop is clockwise and increasing with time. The induced current in the inner loop then,is

The figure shows certain wire segments joined together to form a coplanar loop. The loop is placed in a perpendicular magnetic field in the direction going into the plane of the figure. The magnitude of the field increases with time. $I_1$ and $I_2$ are the currents in the segments $ab$ and $cd$. Then,