Photolysis of water by isolated chloroplasts was demonstrated by

$...........$ demonstrated that photosynthesis is essentially a light-dependent reaction in which hydrogen from a suitable oxidizable compound reduces carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.

Who discovered that green plants take in $CO_2$ and release $O_2$?

Who proved that the oxygen evolved during photosynthesis comes from water?

In which plant did Melvin Calvin experiment using radioactive isotopes to discover the first stable product of the $C_3$ cycle?

Englemann $(1882)$ observed the accumulation of aerobic bacteria around the blue and red light regions of a chloroplast in the green alga $Cladophora$. He therefore concluded that: