Replacement of Cl of chlorobenzene to give ph | vedclass

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(D) The reaction for chlorobenzene to phenol is: $C_6H_5Cl \xrightarrow[(ii) dil. HCl]{(i) 6-8\% NaOH, 623 K, 300 atm} C_6H_5OH$. The presence of the

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$-NO_2$ withdraws electrons from $o$- and $p$-positions.

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(D) The reaction for chlorobenzene to phenol is: $C_6H_5Cl \xrightarrow[(ii) dil. HCl]{(i) 6-8\% NaOH, 623 K, 300 atm} C_6H_5OH$. The presence of the $-NO_2$ group at $o$- and $p$- positions withdraws electron density from the benzene ring due to its strong $-I$ and $-M$ effects. This reduction in electron density facilitates the nucleophilic attack of $OH^-$ on the haloarene. Furthermore,the intermediate carbanion formed is stabilized through resonance by the $-NO_2$ group at the $o$- and $p$- positions,which delocalizes the negative charge.

Replacement of $Cl$ of chlorobenzene to give phenol requires drastic conditions,but $Cl$ of $2,4$-dinitrochlorobenzene is readily replaced. This is because,

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