Repulsion of homologous chromosomes takes place in

The beginning of which stage of prophase is marked by complete terminalisation of chiasmata and inhibition of $RNA$ synthesis?

Chiasma shows the sites of

If a diploid cell has $20 \text{ pg}$ of $DNA$ after the $S$ phase,what will be the condition in each daughter nucleus after Anaphase-$II$?

Match the following columns $I$ and $II$ correctly:

Column $I$	Column $II$
$A$. Leptotene	$i$. Nucleolus disappears
$B$. Zygotene	$ii$. Formation of recombination nodules
$C$. Pachytene	$iii$. Development of synapsis
$D$. Diplotene	$iv$. Chromosomes appear as thread-like structures
$E$. Diakinesis	$v$. Gene exchange occurs via chiasmata

Write a brief note on the following:
$(a)$ Synaptonemal complex
$(b)$ Metaphase plate