Rutherford designed an experiment to determine the structure of an atom. Answer the following in relation to this experiment:
$(a)$ Name the element he selected for this purpose.
$(b)$ Which subatomic particle was used by him?
$(c)$ What was the drawback of Rutherford's model of the atom?
$(a)$ Name the element he selected for this purpose.
$(b)$ Which subatomic particle was used by him?
$(c)$ What was the drawback of Rutherford's model of the atom?
(N/A) Rutherford selected gold for his experiment because it is highly malleable and can be beaten into a very thin foil.
$(b)$ He used $\alpha$-particles,which are doubly charged helium ions $(He^{2+})$.
$(c)$ The major drawback of Rutherford's model was that it could not explain the stability of the atom. According to classical electromagnetic theory,an accelerating charged particle should emit energy; thus,electrons revolving around the nucleus should lose energy and eventually fall into the nucleus,making the atom unstable.
$(b)$ He used $\alpha$-particles,which are doubly charged helium ions $(He^{2+})$.
$(c)$ The major drawback of Rutherford's model was that it could not explain the stability of the atom. According to classical electromagnetic theory,an accelerating charged particle should emit energy; thus,electrons revolving around the nucleus should lose energy and eventually fall into the nucleus,making the atom unstable.
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Atoms of a given element are identical in mass but different in their chemical properties.
Atoms of a given element are identical in mass but different in their chemical properties.
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$(a)$ Who discovered the neutron?
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$(c)$ What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the outermost shell of an atom?
$(d)$ What term is assigned to the atoms of different elements having the same atomic mass but different atomic numbers?
$(e)$ How many neutrons are present in a hydrogen atom?
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$(i)$ $_{26}^{58} A, _{28}^{58} B$
$(ii)$ $_{35}^{79} X, _{35}^{80} Y$
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$(b)$ Which of the following pairs are isotopes and which are isobars?
$(i)$ $_{26}^{58} A, _{28}^{58} B$
$(ii)$ $_{35}^{79} X, _{35}^{80} Y$
$(c)$ Elements $A$ and $B$ have atomic numbers $18$ and $16$ respectively. Which of these two would be more reactive and why?
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