Sahil's grandfather had a prostate problem. The doctor advised him to go in for an ultrasound. Sahil accompanied his grandfather to a diagnostic centre. His grandfather went through the process and was given a photograph.
$(a)$ What is the principle of ultrasound? What waves are used for this purpose?
$(b)$ Name four other areas in which the ultrasound is used as a diagnostic tool.
$(c)$ What value did Sahil imbibe about ultrasound?

(N/A) The underlying principle is that the sound wave pulses produced by a transmitter are directed into the body. These waves are reflected each time a pulse encounters a boundary between two tissues that have different densities. $A$ picture on a sonogram of the inner anatomy is obtained by scanning ultrasonic waves across the body and detecting the echoes generated from various locations.
$(b)$ Four other areas where ultrasound is used as a diagnostic tool are:
$(i)$ For detecting malignancies in the liver and kidney.
$(ii)$ For monitoring foetal size and development.
$(iii)$ For detecting internal bleeding.
$(iv)$ To break small stones formed in the kidneys (lithotripsy).
$(c)$ Sahil learned about the significant role played by ultrasound in medical science and its diverse applications in healthcare.