Secondary producers are

$X-$ Atmospheric input of phosphorus through rainfall is much smaller than carbon input.
$Y-$ The exchange of phosphorus between organisms and the environment is negligible.

The importance of an ecosystem lies in its function of:

Which of the following is $NOT$ a major functional aspect of an ecosystem?

In the dry weight of living beings,$A$ $\%$ carbon is present. In the oceans,$B$ $\%$ of the total global carbon is dissolved. The total amount of carbon in the atmosphere is $C$ $\%$ of the total global carbon. Identify the correct values for $A, B,$ and $C$.

What is the primary succession in freshwater called?