Some $meta$-directing substituents in aromatic substitution are given. Which one is most deactivating?

Each carbon atom in benzene is in the state of hybridization:

Identify the correct statements:
The presence of $-NO_{2}$ group in a benzene ring:

Write down the conditions for a compound to possess aromaticity.

In which of the following compounds does electrophilic aromatic substitution take place in the phenyl ring present on the left-hand side?

When acetylene is passed through a red hot iron tube,compound $X$ is formed. Which one of the following reactions will yield $X$ as the major product?