Sparrow eats seeds. Afterwards, it eats insects. In which trophic level does the sparrow belong in both situations, respectively?

Which of the following processes is faster?

Water plants provide ....... to water animals.

Identify the correct statements from the following:
$(1)$ Succession occurring in dry areas is called xerarch succession.
$(2)$ The stage where plants can survive in open conditions throughout the year is the herb stage.
$(3)$ Ecological succession leads to a decrease in the net primary productivity of the community.
$(4)$ Primary succession takes an average of $1000$ years to complete.

Herbivores are called

Amount of inorganic substances present in an ecosystem is . . . . . . Energy flow is a . . . . . . feature of ecosystem.