State the separation technique you would apply for the separation of the following:
$(a)$ Sodium chloride from its solution in water
$(b)$ Tea leaves from tea
$(c)$ Iron pins from sand
$(d)$ Different pigments from an extract of leaves
$(e)$ Butter from curd
$(f)$ Fine mud particles suspended in water.

(N/A) Evaporation: Sodium chloride is a non-volatile solute,so it can be recovered from its aqueous solution by evaporating the water.
$(b)$ Filtration: Tea leaves are insoluble solids that can be separated from the liquid tea using a filter or sieve.
$(c)$ Magnetic separation: Iron pins are magnetic,while sand is not; therefore,a magnet can be used to attract and separate the pins.
$(d)$ Chromatography: This technique is used to separate different pigments based on their differential solubility in a solvent.
$(e)$ Centrifugation: Butter particles are lighter than the liquid in curd; spinning the mixture at high speed forces the denser components outward,separating the butter.
$(f)$ Decantation and filtration: Fine mud particles can be allowed to settle (sedimentation) followed by decantation,or removed directly using filtration.