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(B) The symptoms described, including intermittent pain in the back and sides (flank pain) below the ribcage, hazy or pinkish (hematuria) urine, and p

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kidney stones

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(B) The symptoms described, including intermittent pain in the back and sides (flank pain) below the ribcage, hazy or pinkish (hematuria) urine, and pain during micturition (dysuria), are classic clinical indicators of $kidney stones$ (renal calculi).$1$. $Kidney stones$ are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys.$2$. As these stones move through the urinary tract, they cause intense, intermittent pain.$3$. The presence of blood in the urine (pinkish color) occurs due to the irritation or scratching of the lining of the ureters or bladder by the stones.$4$. $Uremia$ refers to the accumulation of urea in the blood due to kidney failure.$5$. $Diabetes mellitus$ is characterized by high blood glucose levels.$6$. $Nephritis$ is the inflammation of the kidneys, which typically presents with different clinical features.

Column-$I$ (Type of kidney stones)	Column-$II$ (Cause)
$A$. Calcium stones	$I$. Genetic disorder
$B$. Struvite stones	$II$. Calcium oxalates
$C$. Uric acid stones	$III$. Formed in response to infection by urea splitting bacteria
$D$. Cystine stones	$IV$. High protein diet

Symptoms such as intermittent pain below the ribcage in the back and sides, hazy, pinkish urine along with pain during micturition generally indicate . . . . . . .

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