When an animal population becomes too large for its food source or habitat,its members starve and die,but humans escape this disaster by:

The cause of zero growth of population is

If a population growing exponentially doubles in size in $3$ years,what is the intrinsic rate of increase $(r)$ of the population (in $\%$)? $(e = 2.71828)$

In nature, a given habitat has enough resources to support a maximum possible number, beyond which no further growth is possible. This characteristic feature of nature is known as

$I.$ Populations evolve to maximize their reproductive fitness,also called Darwinian reproductive fitness (higher $r$ value),in the habitat in which they live.
$II.$ The population growth rate $r$ is inversely related to generation time.
$III.$ The housefly,which has a short life span and produces a large number of eggs,could be considered as a '$K$' selected species.
$IV.$ Under a particular set of selection pressures,organisms evolve towards the most efficient reproductive strategies.
$V.$ Life history traits of organisms have evolved in relation to the constraints imposed by biotic and abiotic factors in their habitat.
Select the combination of correct statements.

The intrinsic rate of natural increase $(r)$ for the flour beetle is: