The branch of botany dealing with heredity and variation is called

Statement-$1$: Alleles are slightly different forms of the same gene.
Statement-$2$: The segregation of alleles is a random process and so there is $50$ percent chance of a gamete containing either allele.

Mention the advantages of selecting pea plant for experiment by Mendel.

Discuss the genetic basis of the wrinkled phenotype of pea seed.

Mendel published his work on the inheritance of characters in $1865$,but it remained unrecognized until $1900$ because:
$(a)$ He could not provide any physical proof for the existence of factors.
$(b)$ His concept of factors as stable,discrete units that controlled the expression of traits did not find acceptance from his contemporaries.
$(c)$ Mendel's approach of using mathematics to explain biological phenomena was considered ahead of its time and unconventional.
$(d)$ Communication was not easy (as it is now),and his work could not be widely publicized.

$A$ test cross is important to determine the: