The correct match between Item $I$ and Item $II$ is

Item $I$	Item $II$
$a$. Benzaldehyde	$p$. Mobile phase
$b$. Alumina	$q$. Adsorbent
$c$. Acetonitrile	$r$. Adsorbate

State True or False for the following statements:
$(i)$ The volatile liquid is purified by fractional distillation or simple distillation.
$(ii)$ Two liquids are separated by fractional distillation.
$(iii)$ Liquids with a small difference in boiling points are separated by fractional distillation.
$(iv)$ Liquids with a large difference in boiling points are separated by fractional distillation.

Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A$: Thin layer chromatography is an adsorption chromatography.
Reason $R$: $A$ thin layer of silica gel is spread over a glass plate of suitable size in thin layer chromatography which acts as an adsorbent.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below.

What is chromatography used for?

What is the principle of extraction in a separatory funnel?

The principle of column chromatography is