The correct order of decreasing acidity of ni | vedclass

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(A) The acidity of nitrophenols is determined by the electron-withdrawing effect ($-I$ and $-R$ effects) of the $-NO_2$ group. $p$-Nitrophenol is the

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$p$-Nitrophenol $ > $ $o$-Nitrophenol $ > $ $m$-Nitrophenol

Vedclass · Answer

(A) The acidity of nitrophenols is determined by the electron-withdrawing effect ($-I$ and $-R$ effects) of the $-NO_2$ group. $p$-Nitrophenol is the most acidic because the $-NO_2$ group at the para-position exerts both strong $-I$ and $-R$ effects, stabilizing the phenoxide ion significantly. In $o$-nitrophenol, the $-NO_2$ group is at the ortho-position, which also exerts strong $-I$ and $-R$ effects, but the formation of intramolecular $H$-bonding between the $-OH$ group and the $-NO_2$ group makes the release of the proton slightly more difficult compared to $p$-nitrophenol. In $m$-nitrophenol, the $-NO_2$ group only exerts a $-I$ effect (no resonance effect), making it the least acidic among the three. Thus, the correct order of decreasing acidity is: $p$-Nitrophenol $ > $ $o$-Nitrophenol $ > $ $m$-Nitrophenol.

The correct order of decreasing acidity of nitrophenols is:

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