The correct statement is:

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Question

(A) Boron $(B)$ has a valence shell configuration of $2s^2 2p^1$. It has only four orbitals available for bonding $(2s, 2p_x, 2p_y, 2p_z)$. Therefore,

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Boron has a maximum covalency of four.

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(A) Boron $(B)$ has a valence shell configuration of $2s^2 2p^1$. It has only four orbitals available for bonding $(2s, 2p_x, 2p_y, 2p_z)$. Therefore, its maximum covalency is $4$. Beryllium $(Be)$ has a valence shell configuration of $2s^2$. It has only two valence orbitals $(2s, 2p)$. Magnesium $(Mg)$ has a valence shell configuration of $3s^2$. It has $3s, 3p_x, 3p_y, 3p_z$ and $3d$ orbitals available. Thus, it can exhibit a covalency higher than $4$ (e.g.,$6$ in $[Mg(H_2O)_6]^{2+}$). Aluminum $(Al)$ has a valence shell configuration of $3s^2 3p^1$. It has $3s, 3p_x, 3p_y, 3p_z$ and five $3d$ orbitals, totaling $9$ valence orbitals. Thus, the correct statement is that Boron has a maximum covalency of $4$.

List-$I$ (Compound)	List-$II$ (Property/Name/Structure)
$A$. $H_3BO_3$	$1$. Dimeric form
$B$. $AlCl_3$	$2$. Back bonding
$C$. $B_3N_3H_6$	$3$. Hydrogen bonding
$D$. $BF_3$	$4$. Inorganic benzene

Similar Questions

Give the physical and chemical properties of orthoboric acid $(H_3BO_3)$.

Match the following compounds in List-$I$ with their properties/names in List-$II$.
List-$I$ (Compound) List-$II$ (Property/Name/Structure)
$A$. $H_3BO_3$ $1$. Dimeric form
$B$. $AlCl_3$ $2$. Back bonding
$C$. $B_3N_3H_6$ $3$. Hydrogen bonding
$D$. $BF_3$ $4$. Inorganic benzene

Describe the general trends in the following properties of the elements in Groups $13$ and $14$.
$(A)$ Atomic size
$(B)$ Ionization enthalpy
$(C)$ Metallic character
$(D)$ Oxidation states
$(E)$ Nature of halides

Describe the chemical properties of the elements of group $13$.

Which of the following reactions can be used to prepare diborane?
$I. BF_3 + LiAlH_4 \xrightarrow{\text{ether}}$
$II. BF_3 + NaH \xrightarrow{450 \ K}$
$III. Na_2B_4O_7 + H_2O \longrightarrow$
$IV. NaBH_4 + I_2 \longrightarrow$

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