The electrical circuits used to get smooth $d.c.$ output from a rectifier circuit are called:

$A$ $PN$ junction diode is used as:

$A$ sinusoidal voltage of peak value $200\,V$ is connected to a diode and resistor $R$ in the circuit shown,so that half-wave rectification occurs. If the forward resistance of the diode is negligible compared to $R$,the rms value of voltage across $R$ is approximately (in volt):

The output current versus time curve of a rectifier is shown in the figure. The average value of output current in this case is

The ripple factor in a half-wave rectifier is

Match List-$I$ with List-$II$:

List-$I$	List-$II$
$(a)$ Rectifier	$(i)$ Used for stepping up or stepping down the $\text{A.C.}$ voltage
$(b)$ Stabilizer	$(ii)$ Used to convert $\text{A.C.}$ voltage into $\text{D.C.}$ voltage
$(c)$ Transformer	$(iii)$ Used to remove any ripple in the rectified output voltage
$(d)$ Filter	$(iv)$ Used for constant output voltage