The electrophile,E^{oplus} attacks the benzen | vedclass

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(B) The stability of the $\sigma-$complex (arenium ion) depends on the substituents present on the benzene ring.Nitrobenzene contains a $-NO_2$ group,

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(B) The stability of the $\sigma-$complex (arenium ion) depends on the substituents present on the benzene ring.Nitrobenzene contains a $-NO_2$ group,which is a strong electron-withdrawing group ($-I$ and $-M$ effect). This group destabilizes the positively charged $\sigma-$complex by withdrawing electron density.In contrast,benzene has no such electron-withdrawing substituent.Therefore,the $\sigma-$complex formed from benzene is more stable and has lower energy compared to the $\sigma-$complexes formed from nitrobenzene (at ortho,meta,or para positions).

The electrophile,$E^{\oplus}$ attacks the benzene ring to generate the intermediate $\sigma-$complex. Of the following,which $\sigma-$complex is of the lowest energy?

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