The energy equivalent of $1 \text{ kg}$ of matter is about

The deuteron is bound by nuclear forces just as the $H$-atom is made up of a proton and an electron bound by electrostatic forces. If we consider the force between the neutron and proton in a deuteron as given in the form of a Coulomb potential but with an effective charge $e'$: $F = \frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_0} \frac{e'^2}{r^2}$,estimate the value of $(e'/e)$ given that the binding energy of a deuteron is $2.2 \text{ MeV}$.

The mass of a nucleus,a neutron,and a proton are $M$,$M_n$,and $M_p$ respectively. Then which of the following is true?

Degenerate electron pressure will not be sufficient to prevent the core collapse of a white dwarf if its mass becomes $n$ times the solar mass. The value of $n$ is:

Assertion : The binding energy per nucleon,for nuclei with atomic mass number $A > 100$,decreases with $A$.
Reason : The nuclear forces are weak for heavier nuclei.

The binding energy per nucleon versus mass number curve for nuclei is shown in the figure. $W, X, Y$ and $Z$ are four nuclei indicated on the curve. The process that would release energy is