The entry of oxygen and water into the seed during germination is facilitated by . . . . . . .

What is a fruit called that develops only from the ovary?

In castor, the proliferation of the outer integumentary cells at the micropylar region forms a structure known as the caruncle. What is the primary function of this structure?

The phenomenon where seeds germinate while the fruit is still attached to the parent plant is called .....

Perisperm is the ...... .

Seedless fruits in $Vitis$ are formed due to: