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Question

(B) The $C_4$ photosynthetic pathway evolved as an adaptation to minimize photorespiration in plants living in hot and dry environments.In $C_3$ plant

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Maximizing the availability of $CO_2$

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(B) The $C_4$ photosynthetic pathway evolved as an adaptation to minimize photorespiration in plants living in hot and dry environments.In $C_3$ plants,the enzyme $RuBisCO$ can bind to both $CO_2$ and $O_2$. When it binds to $O_2$,photorespiration occurs,which is a wasteful process.$C_4$ plants have a specialized anatomy called Kranz anatomy,which separates the initial $CO_2$ fixation from the Calvin cycle.By concentrating $CO_2$ around the $RuBisCO$ enzyme in the bundle sheath cells,$C_4$ plants effectively minimize photorespiration and maximize the availability of $CO_2$ for the Calvin cycle.Therefore,the primary strategy of the $C_4$ system is to maximize the availability of $CO_2$ at the site of the enzyme $RuBisCO$.

The evolution of $C_4$ photosynthetic system is probably one of the strategies for

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