The general formula for monocarboxylic acids is

What combination of acid chloride or anhydride and arene would you choose to prepare the given compound?

The major product in the following reaction is

The major products obtained from the reactions in List-$II$ are the reactants for the named reactions mentioned in List-$I$. Match List-$I$ with List-$II$ and choose the correct option.

List-$I$	List-$II$
$(P)$ Etard reaction	$(1)$ Acetophenone $\xrightarrow{Zn-Hg, HCl}$
$(Q)$ Gattermann reaction	$(2)$ Toluene $\xrightarrow[(ii) SOCl_2]{(i) KMnO_4, KOH}$
$(R)$ Gattermann-Koch reaction	$(3)$ Benzene $\xrightarrow[\text{anhyd. } AlCl_3]{CH_3Cl}$
$(S)$ Rosenmund reduction	$(4)$ Aniline $\xrightarrow[273-278 \ K]{NaNO_2 / HCl}$
	$(5)$ Phenol $\xrightarrow[Zn, \Delta]{ }$

Hence the product $(Y)$ in the above sequence of reactions,is

Provide identification tests for the following pairs of compounds:
$(1)$ Phenol and carboxylic acid
$(2)$ Formic acid and acetic acid
$(3)$ Acetic acid and ethanol
$(4)$ Acetic acid and acetone
$(5)$ Aldehyde and ketone
$(6)$ Acetaldehyde and acetone
$(7)$ Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde
$(8)$ Benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde