The given graph shows the displacement versus time relation for a disturbance travelling with a velocity of $1500\, m \,s^{-1}$. Calculate the wavelength of the disturbance.

$A$ vibrating tuning fork is placed over the mouth of a burette filled with water. The tap is opened and the water level gradually falls. It is observed that the sound becomes the loudest for a particular length of air column.
$(i)$ What is the name of the phenomenon taking place when this happens?
$(ii)$ Why does the sound become the loudest?
$(iii)$ How does the frequency of the loud sound compare with that of the tuning fork?
$(iv)$ State the unit for measuring loudness.

$(a)$ What is the cause of the sensation of sound due to the rolling of thunder?
$(b)$ Give the audible range of the human ear.
$(c)$ What are infrasonic and ultrasonic waves?

State three conditions necessary for sound to be heard.

$(a)$ What is reverberation? Write two ways of reducing reverberation.
$(b)$ Distinguish between tone and note.
$(c)$ With the help of a simple diagram,explain how defects in a metal block can be detected using ultrasound.

State any two characteristics of a wave motion.