The greater the valence of the flocculating ion added,the greater is its power to cause precipitation of a colloid. This rule is

Choose the correct reason$(s)$ for the stability of the lyophobic colloidal particles.
$(A)$ Preferential adsorption of ions on their surface from the solution.
$(B)$ Preferential adsorption of solvent on their surface from the solution.
$(C)$ Attraction between different particles having opposite charges on their surface.
$(D)$ Potential difference between the fixed layer and the diffused layer of opposite charges around the colloidal particles.

Which one of the following is used in the hardening of leather?

In each of four separate beakers $(I, II, III, IV)$,$X \ mL$ of $y \ M \ Fe_2O_3 \cdot xH_2O$ colloidal solution is present. Equal volume and equal concentration of $KCl, K_4[Fe(CN)_6], K_3PO_4$ and $K_2SO_4$ were added into $I, II, III$ and $IV$ respectively. The efficiency of precipitation in these beakers follows the order:

Which of the following techniques is used for the preliminary confirmation of nanoparticles?

Which of the following is a positively charged sol?