The increasing order of reactivity of the fol | vedclass

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(A) The reaction of these compounds with alkyl halide is a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the nitrogen atom acts as the nucleophile.Reactivi

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$b < a < c < d$

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(A) The reaction of these compounds with alkyl halide is a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the nitrogen atom acts as the nucleophile.Reactivity depends on the availability of the lone pair on the nitrogen atom.$(a)$ Benzamide: The lone pair on nitrogen is involved in resonance with the carbonyl group $(C=O)$,making it very weakly nucleophilic.$(b)$ Phthalimide: The lone pair on nitrogen is involved in resonance with two carbonyl groups,making it the least nucleophilic.$(c)$ $2$-Cyanoaniline: The $-CN$ group is electron-withdrawing by both $-I$ and $-M$ effects,which reduces the electron density on the nitrogen atom.$(d)$ Aniline: The lone pair on nitrogen is involved in resonance with the benzene ring,but it is more nucleophilic than the others because it lacks the strong electron-withdrawing carbonyl groups present in $(a)$ and $(b)$ or the strong $-I$ effect of the $-CN$ group in $(c)$.Thus,the order of nucleophilicity (and reactivity) is $b < a < c < d$.

The increasing order of reactivity of the following compounds towards reaction with alkyl halide is:

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