The ionization energy of boron is less than that of beryllium because

  • A
    beryllium has a higher nuclear charge than boron
  • B
    beryllium has a lower nuclear charge than boron
  • C
    the outermost electron in boron occupies a $2p$ orbital
  • D
    the $2s$ and $2p$ orbitals of boron are degenerate

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The correct order of $IE_2$ is

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Which of the following elements has the highest first ionization enthalpy?

Consider the following changes:
$M_{(s)} \to M_{(g)}$ ........$(1)$
$M_{(s)} \to M^{2+}_{(g)} + 2e^-$ .......$(2)$
$M_{(g)} \to M^{+}_{(g)} + e^-$ .........$(3)$
$M^{+}_{(g)} \to M^{2+}_{(g)} + e^-$ .........$(4)$
$M_{(g)} \to M^{2+}_{(g)} + 2e^-$ ..........$(5)$
The second ionization energy of $M$ could be calculated from the energy values associated with:

Which of the following elements has the lowest ionization energy?

Which of the following processes will have the maximum ionization energy?

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