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(C) $1$. The reaction of an alkyne with $H_2$ in the presence of Lindlar's catalyst (poisoned $Pd/CaCO_3$) is a syn-addition,which yields a (cis)-alke

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Alkene (cis) Alkene (trans)

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(C) $1$. The reaction of an alkyne with $H_2$ in the presence of Lindlar's catalyst (poisoned $Pd/CaCO_3$) is a syn-addition,which yields a (cis)-alkene as the major product $P$.$2$. The reaction of an alkyne with $Na$ in liquid $NH_3$ (Birch reduction) is an anti-addition,which yields a (trans)-alkene as the major product $Q$.$3$. Therefore,$P$ is (cis)-alkene and $Q$ is (trans)-alkene.

The major products $P$ and $Q$ in the following reactions,respectively,are:
$H_3C-C \equiv C-CH_2CH_3 \xrightarrow{H_2, \text{Lindlar's Catalyst}} P$
$H_3C-C \equiv C-CH_2CH_3 \xrightarrow{Na/\text{liquid } NH_3} Q$

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The major products $P$ and $Q$ in the following reactions,respectively,are:$H_3C-C \equiv C-CH_2CH_3 \xrightarrow{H_2, \text{Lindlar's Catalyst}} P$$H_3C-C \equiv C-CH_2CH_3 \xrightarrow{Na/\text{liquid } NH_3} Q$