The order of reactivity of phenol (I),nitrobe | vedclass

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Question

(C) Nitration is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of this reaction depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Group

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$(I) > (III) > (II)$

Vedclass · Answer

(C) Nitration is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The rate of this reaction depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Groups with a $+R$ (resonance) effect increase the electron density of the ring,making it more reactive towards electrophiles. The $-OH$ group in phenol $(I)$ has a strong $+R$ effect,significantly increasing the electron density. Groups with a $-R$ effect decrease the electron density of the ring,making it less reactive. The $-NO_2$ group in nitrobenzene $(II)$ has a strong $-R$ effect,significantly decreasing the electron density. Benzene $(III)$ has no substituent. Therefore,the order of reactivity is: Phenol $(I)$ $>$ Benzene $(III)$ $>$ Nitrobenzene $(II)$.

The order of reactivity of phenol $(I)$,nitrobenzene $(II)$ and benzene $(III)$ towards nitration is

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