The plants which perform the act of photosynthesis at $-20^{\circ}C$ are:

Lichens are ecologically important as they

$X$-bodies are formed during the infection of:

Asexual reproduction in lichens occurs through which of the following? $(i)$ Pycniospores $(ii)$ Zoospores $(iii)$ Aplanospores $(iv)$ Soredia $(v)$ Apothecia

The genetic material in $TMV$ is

Assertion $(S)$: The symbiotic association between algal and fungal components is called lichen.
Reason $(R)$: The study of lichens is called lichenology.