The process requiring absorption of energy is

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(A) The process of adding an electron to an atom is known as electron gain enthalpy. For most non-metals,this process is exothermic (releases energy).

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$N \longrightarrow N^{-}$

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(A) The process of adding an electron to an atom is known as electron gain enthalpy. For most non-metals,this process is exothermic (releases energy). However,for nitrogen,the electronic configuration is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^3$. Since the $2p$ subshell is exactly half-filled,it is exceptionally stable. Adding an electron to nitrogen to form $N^-$ requires the absorption of energy to overcome the stability of the half-filled configuration: $N + e^- \longrightarrow N^-$.

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