The relative reactivities of acyl compounds t | vedclass

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(A) The ease of nucleophilic substitution depends upon the nature of the leaving group. When the leaving tendency of a group in a compound is high,the

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acyl chloride $ > $ acid anhydride $ > $ ester $ > $ amide

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(A) The ease of nucleophilic substitution depends upon the nature of the leaving group. When the leaving tendency of a group in a compound is high,the compound is more reactive towards nucleophilic substitution.The nucleophilic acyl substitution proceeds in two steps as shown in the mechanism: $1$. Nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate.$2$. Elimination of the leaving group $(A^-)$ to regenerate the carbonyl group.The order of leaving tendency is $Cl^{-} > RCOO^{-} > RO^{-} > NH_{2}^{-}$.Therefore,the order of reactivity of acyl compounds is:$RCOCl$ (Acyl chloride) $ > (RCO)_2O$ (Acid anhydride) $ > RCOOR$ (Ester) $ > RCONH_2$ (Amide).

The relative reactivities of acyl compounds towards nucleophilic substitution are in the order of

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