What are the side effects of heavy and consta | vedclass

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(D) Heavy and constant grazing leads to the removal of vegetation cover,which exposes the topsoil to wind and water erosion,causing the upper layer to

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All of the above.

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(D) Heavy and constant grazing leads to the removal of vegetation cover,which exposes the topsoil to wind and water erosion,causing the upper layer to be loosened and eroded $(A)$.Continuous trampling by livestock compacts the soil,which reduces soil porosity,thereby interfering with root respiration $(B)$.This increased compaction in the lower soil layers creates a physical barrier that makes root penetration difficult for plants $(C)$.Therefore,all the mentioned effects are consequences of overgrazing $(D)$.

Column $I$	Column $II$
$(a)$ Eutrophication	$(i)$ $UV-B$ radiation
$(b)$ Sanitary landfill	$(ii)$ Deforestation
$(c)$ Snow blindness	$(iii)$ Nutrient enrichment
$(d)$ Jhum cultivation	$(iv)$ Waste disposal

What are the side effects of heavy and constant grazing?

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