The speed of a swimmer in still water is $20 \; m/s$. The speed of river water is $10 \; m/s$ and is flowing due east. If he is standing on the south bank and wishes to cross the river along the shortest path,the angle at which he should make his strokes with respect to north is given by ......$^o$ west.

Consider two observers observing a single moving object,and one observer observing two moving objects. Explain the concept of relative velocity in these scenarios.

$A$ man walking briskly in rain with speed $v$ must slant his umbrella forward making an angle $\theta$ with the vertical. $A$ student derives the following relation between $\theta$ and $v: \tan \theta = v$ and checks that the relation has a correct limit: as $v \rightarrow 0, \theta \rightarrow 0,$ as expected. (We are assuming there is no strong wind and that the rain falls vertically for a stationary man). Do you think this relation can be correct? If not,guess the correct relation.

Explain this common observation clearly: If you look out of the window of a fast-moving train,the nearby trees,houses,etc.,seem to move rapidly in a direction opposite to the train's motion,but the distant objects (hilltops,the Moon,the stars,etc.) seem to be stationary. (In fact,since you are aware that you are moving,these distant objects seem to move with you).

Two parallel rail tracks run north-south. Train $A$ moves north with a speed of $54 \; km \; h^{-1},$ and train $B$ moves south with a speed of $90 \; km \; h^{-1}.$ What is the velocity of $B$ with respect to $A$?

Two persons $A$ and $B$ are located in the $X-Y$ plane at the points $(0,0)$ and $(0,10)$ respectively. (The distances are measured in $MKS$ units). At time $t=0$, they start moving simultaneously with velocities $\overrightarrow{v}_A = 2\hat{j} \text{ m/s}$ and $\overrightarrow{v}_B = 2\hat{i} \text{ m/s}$ respectively. The time after which $A$ and $B$ are at their closest distance is: