The synthesis of ATP in photosynthesis and re | vedclass

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(D) In both photosynthesis and respiration,the synthesis of $ATP$ occurs via a process known as chemiosmosis or oxidative/photophosphorylation.This pr

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Electrons

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(D) In both photosynthesis and respiration,the synthesis of $ATP$ occurs via a process known as chemiosmosis or oxidative/photophosphorylation.This process relies on an electron transport chain $(ETC)$.As electrons move through a series of electron carriers (such as cytochromes),they lose energy.This released energy is used to pump protons $(H^+)$ across a membrane,creating a proton gradient.The dissipation of this gradient through $ATP$ synthase drives the phosphorylation of $ADP$ to $ATP$.Therefore,the energy for $ATP$ synthesis is derived from the movement of electrons.

Column $I$	Column $II$
$i.$ $FADH_2$	$a.$ Complex $III$
$ii.$ Ubiquinol	$b.$ Complex $IV$
$iii.$ $NADH + H^{+}$	$c.$ Complex $II$
$iv.$ Cytochrome $C$	$d.$ Complex $I$

The synthesis of $ATP$ in photosynthesis and respiration is essentially an oxidation-reduction process involving the removal of energy from:

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