The technique of bombarding plant cells with high velocity microparticles of gold or tungsten,coated with $DNA$,is known as:

Consider the following statements:
$I.$ In microinjection method,foreign $DNA$ is directly injected into the nucleus of an animal cell or plant cell by using microneedles or micropipettes.
$II.$ Microinjection method is used in oocytes,eggs,and embryos.
$III.$ Electroporation is the formation of temporary pores in the plasma membrane of a host cell by using lysozyme or calcium chloride.
$IV.$ In chemical-mediated gene transfer method,certain chemicals such as $CO_{2}$ help foreign $DNA$ to enter the host cell.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Transformation is a process in which ..........

What happens if a foreign $DNA$ fragment is inserted into the coding sequence of the $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme in a plasmid containing the coding sequence for the $\beta$-galactosidase enzyme?

Arrange the steps of $\text{rDNA}$ technology in the correct order$:-$
$(I.)$ Extraction of the desired gene product.
$(II.)$ Amplification of the gene of interest.
$(III.)$ Isolation of the desired $\text{DNA}$ fragment.
$(IV.)$ Ligation of the $\text{DNA}$ fragment into a vector.
$(V.)$ Insertion of $\text{rDNA}$ into the host.
The correct order is$:-$

Which of the following steps is $NOT$ a part of the basic process of creating a Genetically Modified Organism $(GMO)$?