The variety of frugivorous organisms is greater in tropical rain forests compared to temperate regions because of:

What is/are the correct explanations for higher diversity in tropical areas in comparison to temperate areas?
$I$. There are no unfavourable seasons in the tropics
$II$. Less solar energy is available in the tropics
$III$. Rate of extinction is low in the tropics
$IV$. Resource availability is higher in the tropics
Choose the correct option.

For frugivorous birds and mammals in the tropical forests of different continents,the slope is found to have the value of

According to Alexander von Humboldt,what is the relationship between species richness and the area of exploration?

Choose the incorrect sentence$(s)$ regarding latitudinal gradients.
$(I)$ Biodiversity throughout the world shows uneven distribution.
$(II)$ According to latitudinal gradient,there is no major difference in biodiversity.
$(III)$ Species diversity increases as we move away from the equator towards the poles.
$(IV)$ Biodiversity increases as we move from temperate to tropical regions.

The relationship between species richness $(S)$ and area $(A)$ represented in the following graph is described by the equation: