Three organic compounds $A$,$B$ and $C$ were allowed to run in thin layer chromatography using hexane and gave the following result (see figure). The $R_f$ value of the most polar compound is $............\, \times 10^{-2}$

Which purification method is used to separate liquids that have a sufficient difference in their boiling points?

Match items of Column-$I$ and Column-$II$.

Column-$I$ (Mixture of compounds)	Column-$II$ (Separation Technique)
$A$. $H_2O / CH_2Cl_2$	$I$. Crystallization
$B$. $\alpha$-tetralone / $p$-nitrophenol	$II$. Differential solvent extraction
$C$. Kerosene / Naphthalene	$III$. Column chromatography
$D$. $C_6H_{12}O_6 / NaCl$	$IV$. Fractional Distillation

Correct match is:

Give a brief description of the principles of the following techniques taking an example in each case. $(a)$ Crystallisation $(b)$ Distillation $(c)$ Chromatography

In the given $TLC$ plate,the distances of spots $A$ and $B$ from the base line are $4 \ cm$ and $6 \ cm$,respectively. The distance moved by the solvent front from the base line is $8 \ cm$. If the $R_f$ value of $B$ is $x \times 10^{-1}$ times that of $A$,find the value of $x$.

Explain why an organic liquid vaporizes at a temperature below its boiling point during steam distillation.