The process of removing seed dormancy by mechanically breaking or removing the seed coat is called:

The set $\{x \in R: \cos 2x + 2 \cos^2 x = 2\}$ is equal to

$A$ whistle revolves in a circle with an angular speed of $20\, rad/s$ using a string of length $50\, cm$. If the frequency of sound from the whistle is $385\, Hz$,then what is the minimum frequency heard by an observer,who is far away from the centre in the same plane? (Speed of sound is $340\, m/s$)

Identify the order in which the spin-only magnetic moment (in $BM$) increases for the following four ions:
$I. Fe^{2+}$
$II. Ti^{2+}$
$III. Cu^{2+}$
$IV. V^{2+}$

Consider the following bromides:
The correct order of $S_N1$ reactivity is

If the electric flux entering and leaving a closed surface are $\phi_1$ and $\phi_2$ respectively,then the electric charge inside the surface will be: