Two batteries,one of e.m.f. $12 \text{ V}$ and internal resistance $2 \Omega$ and other of e.m.f. $6 \text{ V}$ and internal resistance $1 \Omega$,are connected as shown in the figure. What will be the reading of the voltmeter '$V$' (in $\text{ V}$)?

$A$ battery consists of $5$ rows of cells,each row containing $10$ cells in series. This battery is connected in parallel to an external resistor of $20 \,\Omega$. If each cell has an $emf$ of $1.5 \,V$ and an internal resistance of $1 \,\Omega$,what is the current $i$ flowing through the external resistor (in $,A$)?

In the circuit shown,the potential difference between $A$ and $B$ is ............. $V$.

The number of dry cells,each of $e.m.f.$ $1.5\,V$ and internal resistance $0.5\,\Omega$,that must be joined in series with a resistance of $20\,\Omega$ so as to send a current of $0.6\,A$ through the circuit is:

Explain cell,emf,and internal resistance. Derive the relation between potential difference,emf,and internal resistance.

Two non-ideal identical batteries are connected in parallel. Consider the following statements:
$(i)$ The equivalent e.m.f. is smaller than either of the two e.m.f.s.
$(ii)$ The equivalent internal resistance is smaller than either of the two internal resistances.