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(B) When two genes are located very close to each other on the same chromosome,they exhibit linkage. Linkage prevents independent assortment,which is

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$3: 1$

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(B) When two genes are located very close to each other on the same chromosome,they exhibit linkage. Linkage prevents independent assortment,which is required for the standard Mendelian dihybrid ratio of $9: 3: 3: 1$.Because the genes $R$ and $Y$ are tightly linked,they tend to be inherited together as a single unit.In this cross,the $F_{1}$ generation $(RrYy)$ produces gametes primarily of the parental types ($RY$ and $ry$) due to the lack of crossing over.Consequently,the $F_{2}$ generation will show a phenotypic ratio similar to a monohybrid cross,which is $3: 1$.

Two genes $R$ and $Y$ are located very close on the chromosomal linkage map of maize plant. When $RRYY$ and $rryy$ genotypes are hybridized,then $F_{2}$-segregation will show:

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