Two long parallel wires are at a distance $2d$ apart. They carry steady equal currents flowing out of the plane of the paper,as shown. The variation of the magnetic field $B$ along the line $XX'$ is given by

For a circular coil of radius $R$ and $N$ turns carrying current $I$,the magnitude of the magnetic field at a point on its axis at a distance $x$ from its centre is given by,
$B=\frac{\mu_{0} I R^{2} N}{2\left(x^{2}+R^{2}\right)^{3 / 2}}$
$(a)$ Show that this reduces to the familiar result for field at the centre of the coil.
$(b)$ Consider two parallel co-axial circular coils of equal radius $R$ and number of turns $N,$ carrying equal currents in the same direction,and separated by a distance $R$. Show that the field on the axis around the mid-point between the coils is uniform over a distance that is small as compared to $R,$ and is given by,
$B=0.72 \frac{\mu_{0} N I}{R}, \quad \text { approximately }$

An electric current is flowing through a circular coil of radius $R$. The ratio of the magnetic field at the centre of the coil and that at a distance $2\sqrt{2}R$ from the centre of the coil on its axis is:

The ratio of the magnetic field at the center of a current-carrying circular coil of radius $R$ to the magnetic field at a distance of $3R$ from the center on its axis is:

The current is flowing in the south direction along a power line. The direction of the magnetic field above the power line (neglecting the Earth's field) is

$A$ negative charge is moving towards the observer. What will be the direction of the magnetic field produced by it,as seen by the observer?